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1.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 35(1): 244-250, jan./fev. 2019. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1048577

ABSTRACT

Rabies is a zoonosis of great importance for human and animal health, being responsible for a progressive and acute encephalitis in humans and animals. Considering that the correct viral identification has serious implications for the prophylaxis and treatment, is important a diagnostic system specifically designed for monitoring the infection cases. The objective of the study was to describe the occurrence of rabies in hematophagous bats (Desmodus rotundus) analyzing many diagnoses performed in the state of Sergipe. The objective of this study was to describe the occurrence of rabies in hematophagous bats (Desmodus rotundus) from an analysis of the diagnoses performed in the state of Sergipe. An observational, descriptive and retrospective study was conducted with the evaluation of 935 rabies diagnoses in bats (D. rotundus) between 1987 and 2014. It was noticed that only one case was positive in the city of Aracaju in the year 2000 and no positive bat was identified with the rabies virus in the rural area. The results show the need to increase the monitoring of rabies in other species of non-hematophagous bats, and especially in other wild reservoirs. It is suggested that the monitoring of rabies take into account the specific ecosystem of each region, since Brazil has continental dimensions and a great biological diversity.


Araiva é uma zoonose de grande importância para a saúde humana e animal, sendo responsável por uma encefalite progressiva e aguda em humanos e animais. Considerando que a correta identificação viral tem sérias implicações para a profilaxia e tratamento, é importante um sistema de diagnóstico especificamente projetado para monitorar os casos de infecção. O estudo teve como objetivo descrever a ocorrência da raiva em morcegos hematófagos (Desmodus rotundus) a partir da análise dos diagnósticos realizados no estado de Sergipe. Foi realizado um estudo observacional, descritivo e retrospectivo com avaliação de 935 diagnósticos de raiva em morcegos (D. rotundus) entre os anos de 1987 a 2014. Percebeu-se que apenas um caso foi positivo na cidade de Aracaju no ano 2000 e nenhum morcego positivo foi identificado com o vírus da raiva na área rural. Os resultados demonstram a necessidade de ampliar o monitoramento da raiva em outras espécies de morcegos não hematófagos e sobretudo em outros reservatórios selvagens. Sugere-se que o monitoramento da raiva leve em consideração o ecossistema específico de cada região brasileira, já que o Brasil tem dimensões continentais e uma grande diversidade biológica.


Subject(s)
Rabies , Chiroptera , Epidemiology , Host-Seeking Behavior
2.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; 41: e47474, 20190000. graf, tab, map
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1460880

ABSTRACT

Phthirapteraare lice highly adapted to living as permanent and obligatory ectoparasites of birds and mammals. High infestations by biting lice contribute to the low productivity, loss quality of the eggs, besides weight decrease of chickens. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate and to characterize the risks involved with the presence of biting lice in laying chicken from Minas Gerais, Brazil, throught a Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA). A secondary database with information regarding 402 chicken houses from 42 properties of laying hens from the same region was used and adapted for this study. The variables that composed the correspondence model were selected through Chi-square tests (p ≤ 0.05). A risk index was designed to relate the presence of biting lice out of variables such as risk factors related to the presence of these ectoparasites. The MCA graphic designed to conduct the epidemiological characterization of the presence of biting lice presented a Chi-square accumulated value of 53.59%. There was an association between the risk index and the synanthropic birds, subsistence hens, presence of lice and other ectoparasites in shelters and ectoparasites control. These results provide knowledge about the Phthirapteraepidemiology. Besides that, this information may contribute to the decision-making process in order to reduce the risk of possible infestations in poultry farms and the negative effects of the infestations.


Subject(s)
Poultry/parasitology , Epidemiologic Factors , Risk Factors , Lice Infestations/epidemiology , Phthiraptera
3.
Ciênc. rural (Online) ; 47(9): e20170186, 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1044961

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: This study was accomplished with the aim to evaluate and to characterize the risks for the presence of Megninia spp. in poultry farms from Minas Gerais, using for that Correspondence Analysis (CA). A secondary database was used and adapted for this study, with information from 402 chicken houses of 42 laying hens commercial properties. Variables used to compose the correspondence model were selected through tests of Qui-square being considered the significant result of P≤0,05. A risk index was built to the presence of Megninia spp. starting from variables considered as risk factors for the presence of those ectoparasites. The CA graph produced for the epidemiological characterization of the presence of Megninia spp. presented an accumulated qui-square value of 58,55%. There was an association of the risk index with the age ranges of the poultry, among the presence Megninia spp. and the use of mineral oil and acaricide in the ration and; finally, an association between the ruddy ground-dove (Columbina talpacoti) presence and the absence of mites of the Megninia genus. The results supply knowledge on the epidemiology of Megninia spp. In addition, these information can contribute in the decision, reducing the risks of possible infestations in poultry farms and the negative effects of that parasitism.


RESUMO: Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar e caracterizar os riscos para a presença de Megninia spp. em galpões de granjas de postura de Minas Gerais, utilizando para isso Análise de Correspondência (AC). Foi utilizado um banco de dados secundário e adaptado para este estudo, com informações de 402 galpões de 42 propriedades comerciais de galinhas poedeiras. As variáveis utilizadas para compor o modelo de correspondência foram selecionadas através de testes de Qui-quadrado (P≤0,05). Foi construído um índice de risco para a presença de Megninia spp. a partir de variáveis consideradas como fatores de risco para a presença desses ectoparasitos. O gráfico da AC produzido para a caracterização epidemiológica da presença de Megninia spp. apresentou um valor de qui-quadrado acumulado de 58,55%. Observa-se que houve uma associação do índice de risco com a faixa de idades das aves, entre a presença Megninia spp. e a utilização de óleo mineral e de acaricida na ração e, por último, uma associação entre a presença de rolinhas (Columbina talpacoti) e a ausência de ácaros do gênero Megninia. Estes resultados fornecem conhecimento sobre a epidemiologia de Megninia spp. Além disso, estas informações poderão contribuir na tomada de decisão diminuindo os riscos de possíveis infestações nos plantéis e dos efeitos negativos decorrentes por esse parasitismo.

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